A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances
Chapter One
ACIDS, CARBOXYLIC
1.1 GENERAL DISCUSSION
Carboxylic acids are weak organic acids
that exhibit the following characteristics of
acids: (1) undergo dissociation in aqueous
solutions, forming a carboxylate ion RCO[O.sup.-]
and [H.sup.+] (proton) or a hydronium ion, [H.sub.3][O.sup.+]
(hydronium); (2) transfer protons to bases
forming salts; and (3) the water-soluble acids
have a sour taste. The carboxylic acids are
characterized by carboxyl functional groups,
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consisting of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups.
The general formula for the homologous
series of monocarboxylic acids is [C.sub.n][H.sub.2n][O.sub.2]
or R-COOH, where R is an alkyl group.
Dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic or succinic
acid contain two -COOH groups. The acid
strength of carboxylic a ... read full excerpt from A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances ebook