Fraud Exposed
What You Don't Know Could Cost Your Company Millions
Chapter One
CRIME AND THE LAW
ENFORCEMENT RESPONSE
The history of modern policing as we know it can be traced to London in
1828 when Sir Robert Peel introduced a bill to provide for a trained and uniformed
police force. The force, because of Peel's backing, quickly became known
as bobbies or peelers. Encouraged by this development, New York City followed the
same path in 1844, when the old Night Watch was legislated out of existence.
In 1845 the first shield was introduced. The device has a rather peculiar history.
Up until that time the police preferred to patrol in civilian clothes, seeing uniforms
as a British custom not befitting freeborn Americans. The eight-pointed,
star-shaped copper shield was worn on civilian clothes to denote the wearer as a
police officer. These persons quickly became known as coppers or cops. In New
York City, formal training and official uniforms would not appear until 1853.
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