Chapter One
Gods in Primitive Societies
Much has been said about the religious life of primitive
1 humans, despite the fact that very little is known about it with any certainty. We do know that for thousands of years, some human burials have included grave goods, which may be taken as evidence that our distant ancestors believed in life after death. Deep inside caves we also have found structures that might have been altars, and some caves contained collections of such things as bear skulls that might have had religious significance, too. In early Neolithic (New Stone Age) sites such as Çatalhöyük in Turkey,
2 there is some evidence that bulls may have been sacred, and here and there archaeologists have found small figurines that might have represented a very ...
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