Most books on the topic of 21st century neurological sciences concentrate on either reviews of current techniques or treatment schemes with a timeline to clinical application greater than 10 years. Making a bold departure by emphasizing hypotheses on the horizon, Modern Neurosurgery: Clinical Translation of Neuroscience Advances discusses treatments in the process of being developed which may have a profound impact on our neuroscience knowledge. Focusing on how increased understanding of brain function affects clinical neuroscience, this volume explores the interface between neuroscience developments and clinical neuroscience advances by examining the hypotheses that drive this evolution. The authors review the relevant underpinnings of new neurosurgical techniques, treatments, and conceptual approaches, which are likely to shape clinical neuroscience over the next decade. A critical aspect of this rational approach is to underscore what needs to be done in each field, with the goal of leading to further study, improvements, and the treatments of tomorrow.