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Handbook of Epigenetics
Imprint: Academic Press
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Epigenetics is considered by many to be the "new genetics" because the realization that many biological phenomena are controlled not through gene mutations, but rather through reversible and heritable epigenetic processes that have opened up new paths for discovery. The biological processes impacted by epigenetics range from tissue/organ regeneration, X-chromosome inactivation, and stem cell differentiation to genomic imprinting and aging. The effects of epigenetics are vast and encompass lower organisms as well as humans. Aberrations of epigenetics influence many diseases involving but not limited to cancer, immune disorders, neurological and metabolic disorders, and imprinting diseases. Clinical intervention is already in place for some of these disorders and many novel epigenetic therapies are on the horizon.
This comprehensive collection of reviews written by leaders in the field of epigenetics provides a broad view of this important and evolving topic. From molecular mechanisms and epigenetic technology to discoveries in human disease and clinical epigenetics the nature and applications of the science will be presented for those with interests ranging from the fundamental basis of epigenetics to therapeutic interventions for epigenetic-based disorders.
* Contributions by leading international investigators involved in molecular research and clinical and therapeutic applications
* Integrates methods and biological topics with basic and clinical discoveries
* Includes coverage of new topics in epigenetics such as prions, regulation of long-term memory by epigenetics, metabolic aspects of epigenetics, and epigenetics of neuronal disorders
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| Title of eBook: Handbook of Epigenetics | |
| Release Date: 09-23-2010 | |
| Publisher: Academic Press |
This eBook download is available in the following formats:
| Parent title | Handbook of Epigenetics |
|---|---|
| Encrypted (DRM) | Yes |
| SKU | 9780123757104 |
| File size | 17561 |
| Security | n/a |
| Printing | Not allowed |
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| Read aloud | No Sys requirements Download reader |
| Devices | Samsung Tablet, Apple Ipad & Iphone, Barnes & Noble Nook, Kobo eReader, Aluratek Libre, Iliad, Nokia, Blackberry, Hanlin |
| Note | Excellent navigation features are available via Adobe such as bookmarks and a quick access table of contents. Text search is easily accessible. An Adobe DRM-protected file is different than a pdf file in that it uses Adobe DRM (Digital Rights Management) technology, which authors and publishers use to protect their content from illegal online distribution and to set certain privileges such as restrictions on copying and printing. |
Handbook of Epigenetics
Chapter One
Epigenetics: The New Science of GeneticsTrygve O. Tollefsbol
INTRODUCTION
The term epigenetics was first introduced in 1942 by Conrad Waddington and was defined as the causal interactions between genes and their products that allow for phenotypic expression. This term has now been somewhat redefined and although there are many variants of the definition of this term today, a consensus definition is that epigenetics is the collective heritable changes in phenotype due to processes that arise independent of primary DNA sequence. This heritability of epigenetic information was for many years thought to be limited to cellular divisions. However, it is now apparent that epigenetic processes can be transferred in organisms from one generation to another. This phenomenon was first described in plants and has been expanded to include yeast, Drosophila, mouse and, possibly, humans.
THE BASICS OF DNA METHYLATION AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS
In most eukaryotes DNA methylation, the most studied of epigenetic processes, consists of transfer of a methyl moiety from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the 5-position of cytosines in certain CpG dinucleotides. This important transfer reaction is catalyzed by the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). The three major DNMTs are DNMT1, 3A and 3B and DNMT1 catalyzes what is referred to as maintenance methylation that occurs during each cellular replication as the DNA is duplicated. The other major DNMTs, 3A and 3B, are known more for their relatively higher de novo methylation activity where new 5-methylcytosinesare introduced in the genome at sites that were not previously methylated. T
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