This book is aimed at students and researchers across the social sciences. The first part will examine the economic status, particularly regarding employment, of various racial and ethnic groups, including their progress or retrenchment over the years. The second part will examine the economic and social environmental factors that shape these outcomes, such as how the law, economic motivations, and increased competition for jobs affect racial disparities. The themes underlying the book are that economic and social environments play a significant role in determining economic outcomes, and that although much progress has been achieved for many groups, racial disparities persist.