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Davis, Frank Macrocycles eBook

Macrocycles

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eBook Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Imprint: Wiley

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Macrocyclic molecules contain rings made up of seven or more atoms. They are interesting because they provide building blocks for synthesizing precise two or three dimensional structures – an important goal in nanotechnology. For example, they can be used to develop nanosized reaction vessels, cages, switches and shuttles, and have potential as components in molecular computers. They also have applications as catalysts and sensors.

Macrocycles: Construction, Chemistry and Nanotechnology Applications is an essential introduction this important class of molecules and describes how to synthesise them, their chemistry, how they can be used as nanotechnology building blocks, and their applications. A wide range of structures synthesised over the past few decades are covered, from the simpler cyclophanes and multi-ring aromatic structures to vases, bowls, cages and more complex multi-ring systems and 3D architectures such as “pumpkins”, interlocking chains and knots. Topics covered include: principles of macrocycle synthesis simple ring compounds multi-ring aromatic structures porphyrins and phthalocanines cyclophanes crown ethers, cryptands and spherands calixarenes, resorcinarenes, cavitands, carcerands, and heterocalixarenes cyclodextrins cucurbiturils cyclotriveratylenes rotaxanes catenanes complex 3D architectures, including trefoils and knots

Macrocycles: Construction, Chemistry and Nanotechnology Applications distills the essence of this important topic for undergraduate and postgraduate students, and for researchers in other fields interested in getting a general insight into this increasingly important class of molecules.

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Title of Technology eBook: Macrocycles
Release Date: 02-23-2011
Publisher: Wiley

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Parent title Macrocycles
Encrypted (DRM) Yes
SKU 9781119989936
File size 9415
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Macrocycles


Chapter One

Introduction

Ever since the dawn of man, humans have been chemists of one form or another. One of the first chemical reactions primitive man discovered was that certain materials could be burnt and the resultant heat released used to cook food and warm dwellings. As time progressed other chemistries were discovered, ranging from the smelting of metals to brewing to the use of plant extractions for dyeing textiles.

The ancient Greek philosopher Democritus proposed an atomistic theory of matter, which became popular again in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries AD with the work of some of the great chemists of that time such as Boyle, Cavendish, Lavoisier and Priestley. Many elemental compounds were discovered by these and other workers, and later workers such as Kekule and Frankland introduced concepts such as valence and molecular structure. One of the results of this work was the discovery of the tetravalence of carbon. Molecular structures for compounds such as alkanes, alcohols, acids and so on were also deduced around this time.

1.1 Simple Ring Compounds

Many early ring compounds were discovered and isolated and had their properties determined long before their actual physical structures were known. Once valency and the concept of the chemical bond were introduced, the structures of some alkanes were deduced to be cyclic, such as the simple hydrocarbon compound cyclohexane (Figure 1.1a). There are a huge number of simple ring carbons, ranging from the simple cyclopropane ring, the smallest of all hydrocarbon ring compounds, through to huge cyclic structures. These large structur

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