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Handbook of Free Radical Initiators
By: E. T. Denisov , T. G. DenisovaeBook Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Imprint: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Format: Adobe Encrypted (DRM)
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Free radical initiators–chemical molecules which easily decompose into free radicals–serve as reactive intermediates in synthetic methodologies such as organic and polymer synthesis as well as in technological processes, oligomerization, network formation, and kinetic research. The Handbook of Free Radical Initiators presents an up-to-date account of the physicochemical data on radical initiators and reactions of radical generation. Individual chapters include: Dialkyl Peroxides and Hydroperoxides Diacyl Peroxides, Peresters, and Organic Polyoxides Azo-Compounds Bimolecular Reactions of Free Radical Generation by Ozone, Dioxygen, Hydroperoxides, and Haloid Molecules Free Radical Abstraction Reactions Free Radical Addition Reactions Free Radical Recombination and Disproportoination Reactions
Professionals and academic researchers in chemical engineering, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, plastics, and rubbers will find the Handbook of Free Radical Initiators to be a distinguished, vital resource.
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| Title of eBook: Handbook of Free Radical Initiators | |
| Release Date: 01-14-2005 | |
| Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
This eBook download is available in the following formats:
| Parent title | Handbook of Free Radical Initiators |
|---|---|
| Encrypted (DRM) | Yes |
| SKU | 9780471281832 |
| File size | 25720 |
| Security | n/a |
| Printing | Not allowed |
| Copying | Not allowed |
| Read aloud | No Sys requirements Download reader |
| Devices | Samsung Tablet, Apple Ipad & Iphone, Barnes & Noble Nook, Kobo eReader, Aluratek Libre, Iliad, Nokia, Blackberry, Hanlin |
| Note | Excellent navigation features are available via Adobe such as bookmarks and a quick access table of contents. Text search is easily accessible. An Adobe DRM-protected file is different than a pdf file in that it uses Adobe DRM (Digital Rights Management) technology, which authors and publishers use to protect their content from illegal online distribution and to set certain privileges such as restrictions on copying and printing. |
Handbook of Free Radical Initiators
Chapter One
MECHANISMS OF DECOMPOSITION OF INITIATORS
1.1 INTRODUCTION
A lot of organic molecules, dealing with technique, technological processes, and organic synthesis, are stable at moderate (~300-400 K) and elevated (>400 K) temperatures. Atoms of these compounds are connected by sufficiently strong chemical bonds with bond dissociation energy (BDE) ~350-500 kJ [mol.sup.-1]. Radical initiators are molecules bearing one or several weak bonds with BDE ~100-200 kJ [mol.sup.-1]. When the temperature of the reaction is sufficiently high, the initiator decomposes with homolysis of the weakest bond and produces free radicals. These free radicals initiate a chain or nonchain free radical reaction.
What are the factors that influence the BDE of any chemical bond? First, there are atoms forming the bond. Here are a few examples of the types of bonds in various compounds:
[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]
The following bonds have sufficiently low values of BDE:
[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]
Organometallic compounds have weak metal-carbon bonds:
[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]
Atoms surrounding the atom with the bond being split also influence the BDE. Here are a few examples:
[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]
A [pi]-bond in the [alpha]-position has a strong influence on the dissociating bond. This influence is clearly seen for several alkylaromatic hydrocarbons:
[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]
This dependence is the result of stabilization of the formed radical due to the interaction of an unpaired electron with [pi]-electrons of the benzene ring.
Different mechanisms of free
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